Thursday, August 15, 2013

The Godfather, Titus Andronicus

Upon rereading William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Titus Andronicus, I was struck by the notion of how much the final scene reminded me of the movie The Godfather (1972).

The title character, Titus, is an old Roman general who has lived his life in servitude to his nation. Titus has lost the majority of his sons in wars, and even when he is offered the garland of Rome, he humbly refuses it in favour of the dead emperor’s eldest son, Saturnine.

For his queen, Saturnine chooses the captive Goth, Tamora, whom Titus had defeated and brought back to Rome. In a sacrificial rite, Titus kills Tamora’s eldest son, and she vows vengeance.

Now in a position of power, Tamora and her two remaining sons, Chiron and Demetrius wreck havoc on the Andronici. Tamora’s sons kill the Saturnine’s brother, Bassianas, who is married to Titus’s daughter, Lavinia. Chiron and Demetrius frame Titus’s sons for Bassinas’s death, for which they are arrested. In trying to rescue his falsely accused brothers, Titus’s other son, Lucius is banished from Rome.

In a most brutal act, Chiron and Demetrius rape Lavinia and cut out her tongue and cut off her hands so she cannot reveal who had assaulted her. 

Tamora’s secret lover, Aaron the Moor (Shakespeare’s most evil villain), comes to Titus and tells him that his two arrested sons will be spared if Titus cuts off his own hand and gives it to the Emperor. Titus does so, but in return, his son’s heads are sent to him.

This would be enough to make anyone mad with grief, and at one point Titus appears to be mad, but he will have his revenge, for he learns that Chiron and Demetrius are the cause of his woes.

In the climax of the story, Titus invites Saturnine, Tamora, and Lucius who is now the leader of the enemy Goths. Shocking his dinner guests, Titus kills Lavinia so she does not have to live with her shame. Titus reveals Chiron and Demetrius assaulted Lavinia, and that he killed them and baked their heads in the pie they have just eaten. Titus kills Tamora, the Emperor kills Titus, and Lucius kills the Emperor. That’s a high body count for a dinner party.

Titus Andronicus is reputed to be Shakespeare’s first tragedy, and it certainly is tragic, not to mention bloody.

The bloodbath in the last act of Titus made me recall the violent last act of the first Godfather movie when Michael Corleone orders the assassinations of mob dons, Moe Green, his brother-in-law Carlo, and Tessio, who betrayed the family. When Tessio is led off to his death, it reminded me of Aaron who gets his just deserts in the last act of the play.
   
Both The Godfather and Titus Andronicus are bloody (remember Sonny’s death).  Old Vito Corleone reminds me of old Titus. Both men are patriarchs who lived with honour. Titus even kills his own son out of loyalty to the Emperor. Michael Corleone would eventually have his own brother killed. These are stories of revenge and murder, both families working outside the justice system and seeking their own sense of justice.

Michael Corleone ended up taking over the family and becoming the Godfather. In the similar fashion, Titus’s son Lucius became Emperor.

William Shakespeare probably got his ideas for Titus Andronicus from Roman history and Greek myths, and it would seem The Godfather could have been influenced by Titus Andronicus.

Whereas The Godfather movie has been proclaimed as one of the greatest American motion pictures ever made, Titus Andronicus has not always been a favourite of Shakespeare fans. If you are one of those, or if you have never read the play, I would suggest you watch Julie Taymor’s Titus (1999) staring Anthony Hopkins; it is one of my favourite Shakespearean films.

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Saturday, August 3, 2013

The Merchant of Venice - Courtroom Drama









While watching a fine production of The Merchant of Venice at the Stratford Festival this week, I was stuck by the fact that it is probably the oldest courtroom dramas ever written. Surely it is the most compelling; with Shylock poised with his knife ready to cut off a pound of Antonio’s flesh. Portia’s Quality of Mercy speech is something school children should memorize. The manner in which we show mercy to others is how mercy will be given to us is a lesson we should all realize.

It made me start to think of other great courtroom dramas; such as Witness For the Prosecution (1957) with Charles Laughton. The story and dialogue move along well and Agatha Christie has a great surprise ending.

To Kill a Mockingbird
(1962) with Gregory Peck about a white lawyer in the deep south defending a black man against rape while under the eyes of his young children.

Presumed Innocent (1990) with Harrison Ford and a strong cast has a DA on trial for murder. Just because some of the movie was shot in Windsor did not bias my opinion.

My all-time favorite Australian movie is Breaker Morant (1980) with Edward Woodward. Based on true events, three Aussies are put on trial by the British military during the Boer War.

Paths of Glory (1957)  with Kirk Douglas in Stanley Kubrick's anti-war film. Three French soldiers are put on trial for cowardice during The Great War.




One of my personal favorites (not only for the courtroom drama) is A Man For All Seasons (1966) with Paul Scofield as Sir Thomas More who was put on trial and executed under Henry VIII.

Other more contemporary movies such as JFK (1991), A Few Good Men (1992), A Time to Kill (1996) also make the list.

Friday, July 5, 2013

Oscar Wilde at the Wedding

This blog was written because of a wedding. It was a beautiful outdoor wedding of two good friends. The happy couple are both readers and on each table they placed several classic works of literature for their guests. I thought this was a truly unique and wonderful keepsake as each book was inscribed.

I chose The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) by Oscar Wilde which I had not read since high school. The Picture of Dorian Gray and its author were met with criticism and disdain at the time of its release as being immoral.The story is about a beautiful young man who is obsessed with retaining his youth and beauty.
I was amazed how Oscar Wilde foresaw the future of our youth-oriented culture and its obsession with beauty.

"How sad it is! I shall grow old, and horrible, and dreadful. But this picture will remain always young. It will never be older than this particular day of June... If it were only the other way! If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that-for that-I would give everything! Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give! I would give my soul for that!"

"I know, now, that when one loses one's good looks, whatever they may be, one loses everything.”

 "Life has everything in store for you, Dorian. There is nothing that you, with your extraordinary good looks, will not be able to do."


Pleasure-seeking and new experiences are also recurring  themes in Dorian Gray

His sudden mad love for Sibyl Vane was a psychological phenomenon of no small interest. There was no doubt that curiosity had much to do with it, curiosity and the desire for new experiences...


There is the desire to be free of anything that is the least way uncomfortable ... like feelings. Dorian proposes marriage to Sibyl Vane, then spurns her. Sibyl commits suicide and Dorian instantly distances himself from the tragedy.

“How fearful,” his friend Basil says in a moment of consoling.
“No,” said Dorian Gray, “there is nothing fearful about it. It is one of the great romantic tragedies of the age.”


Later, when another of his friends sends Dorian an article in the newspaper regarding the dead girl, Dorian rips up the paper.

How ugly it all was! And how horribly real ugliness made things! He felt a little annoyed with Lord Henry for having sent him the report.

Dorian Gray is the forerunner of today’s society of self: self-absorbed, self-centred, selfish.
Dorian contemplates the new Hedonism.

... yet it was never to accept any theory of system that would involve the sacrifice of any mode of passionate experience.

Being independently wealthy Dorian has time to study perfumes and set himself to discover their true relationships. He studied music and collected the strangest instruments that could be found. He collected jewels and researched their histories. Embroideries, tapestries, ecclesiastical vestments. Dorian would lock himself up in his room horribly fascinated reading about historical figures of those whom vice and blood and weariness had made monstrous or mad.

In Dorian’s world sin was fascinating, and gave to the intellect a quickened sense of joy. And if the sin was too terrible, it was not confessed, but one only need self-medicate driven out of the mind, to be drugged with poppies, to be strangled lest it might strangle one itself. There were sins too horrible and ugly to look at.

There are few characters in The Picture of Dorian Gray, but perhaps the most interesting and charming is Lord Henry who, like the Devil, sets Dorian on his path of narcissism and murder.   

Lord Henry is an aesthetic with a cynical wit (somewhat like Wilde himself). Lord Henry’s most charming quality is his use of epigrams that use paradox to criticize conventional morales and society.     

"There is only one thing in the world worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about."

"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it."

"I always like to know everything about my new friends, and nothing about my old ones."

"To get back my youth I would do anything in the world, except take exercise, get up early, or be respectable."

"Men marry because they are tired; women, because they are curious: both are disappointed."


I can see why Oscar Wilde’s first novel was met with ridicule. Most of the main characters lack soul, for they have sold it for selfish reasons.

“I represent to you all the sins you never had the courage to commit.”

The characters lack humanity, for they deny the things that are human.

“I don't want to be at the mercy of my emotions. I want to use them, to enjoy them, and to dominate them.”


You get an uneasy feeling reading The Picture of Dorian Gray. You should. It is your moral compass telling you something is not quite right. There is something wrong with this picture (get it?).

We only need look at what today’s media is trying to sell society to see Wilde could clearly see the shape of things to come; youth, beauty and self. Was he trying to warn us, I wonder, or was he just trying to say:

“You must have a cigarette. A cigarette is the perfect type of a perfect pleasure.”

Friday, June 28, 2013

Canadian Quotes from Sherlock Holmes

Quoting Sherlock Holmes is popular among Sherlock afficionados and has even filled some books. This Canada Day I thought I would post Sherlock quotes with a Canadian theme. These are quoted from The Canadian Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Cold-Hearted Murder.

The next day was Sunday, a remarkable day in Toronto where it appeared the entire city closed for the day. Practically nothing could be purchased, and it was fortunate for Holmes and I that we had a good supply of tobacco and an excellent Canadian rye whiskey in our rooms.

I've learned that when confronting a tough, gun-toting American it is best to have a tough, gun-toting Canadian to back you up.

I was just thinking, Watson, how much of this great country we've seen these past few months. It is a young nation, but it is off to a good start. It is capable of greatness if her people
only realize it. They are good people, though diverse, respectable, and true, much like the land they live on. I am happy to have known some of them.


 We may never return to Canada, old friend, but I believe we are better for having known her, and I shall always cherish the memories of this visit.



If one is ever so fortunate to visit Canada, one is surely to be amazed and delighted to witness her natural wonders; her wide and spacious prairies, magnificent mountain ranges, and her myriad of lakes and rivers both great and small. But one should certainly not, on any account, miss the spectacular falls of Niagara.
 

I have studied police work from Canada to Madagascar, and I am currently in contact with detectives from at least a dozen countries around the world.


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Saturday, June 22, 2013

Canada Day and Sherlock Holmes

As Canada Day approaches (July 1st for you non-Canadians), I was thinking of the two things that go well together : Canada and Sherlock Holmes.

My first Holmes adventure, The Canadian Adventures of Sherlock Holmes has the great detective travelling across Canada encountering fantastic adventures and mindful mysteries from Halifax to the prairies, from the nations capital to Victoria. Holmes and Watson even get a chance to place themselves in the service of Prime Minister Wilfred Laurier.

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s original canon, there are only a few references made to Canada.

In The Bruce Partington Plans, when Holmes was speaking of his brother, he inferred that Mycroft Holmes was an expert on Canada.

In The Adventure of Black Peter, Holmes suggested that C.P.R. stood for the great transcontinental railway, Canadian Pacific Railway.

Colonel Spence Munroe was said to receive an appointment in Nova Scotia in The Adventure of The Copper Beeches.

Probably the most distinctive reference to Canada was in the famous The Hound of the Baskervilles. Sir Henry Baskerville had been farming in Canada before returning to England to claim his inheritance. When Holmes retrieved Sir Henry’s missing black boot, he read the label where it had been purchased; Meyers, Toronto.                                                                                                

The reference to Canada in The Hound of the Baskervilles played a large part in my book, The Canadian Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. In that book Holmes and Watson travel to Canada at the urging of Sir Henry who has returned to Canada to oversee his rather large western ranch, and who seems to be plagued once more by the legend of the hound.  

When considering a second Sherlock Holmes adventure, I wanted some Canadian connection as well, and chose the backdrop of the Great Klondike Gold Rush (1896-1899). In Cold-Hearted Murder Holmes does not go to Canada, but a great deal of the story takes place in the Yukon Territory.

Both The Canadian Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Cold-Hearted Murder are available on Kindle.


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Friday, June 14, 2013

Second Coming Post-Apocalypse

There are a number of backdrops for Post-Apocalyptic novels; nuclear war, existential catastrophe, impact event, cybernetic revolt, and extraterrestrial attack to name a few.
   
For my novel Second Coming I combined ecological collapse and climate change and resource depletion with a touch of Divine judgement on the side.
   
In my grade 9 geography class, we study climate change and the effect it has on the environment; the depletion of natural resources such as oil and natural gas; the poisoning of our air and water and the effects it has on wildlife and human life; the genetic manipulation of our food, the increased frequency of natural disasters. From a grade nine student’s perspective our future must look pretty grim.

But I also teach religion, and the very real presence of God in our world and the incredible strength of spirit of human beings; human beings who have the ability to adapt and persevere, to overcome hardship and maintain their human dignity.             

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Sunday, June 2, 2013

Second Coming - Part III


They continued to head south.  To the east lay the coast which was controlled by the Ocean Fisheries who
 Of course Trax did not believe everything he heard.  The old man would tell impossible stories of the old world, of how things used to be; of fresh air and clean water, gardens of fresh fruit and vegetables in your own back yard and other things that seemed just as impossible here in the new world.
 This line of thought reminded Trax of a bit of poetry that had been taught to him as a child to help him sleep at night.  Later Allenby had told him the line was written by an old world poet named Thomas Stearns Eliot. He had been an American poet when there had been an America. The line ran:
   This is the way the world ends,
   This is the way the world ends,
   This is the way the world ends,
   Not with a bang but a whimper.
 Trax had once heard an ancient legend that the world had come into being with a big bang, and some believed it would end the same way.  Nuclear power was quite common in the old world and it seemed that every nation, none of whom seemed worthy of it, had the power to destroy the world a dozen times over with the touch of a button.  Ironically, the world did not end with a bang. No one pushed the button- mores the pity.  Perhaps it wold have been better if they had and turned the earth to dust.  As it was, the world ended with a whimper-  it literally cried.
The end began with seven straight months of rain.  It was as if the world was weeping. Global warming melted snow-capped mountain peaks and mammoth glaciers.  Engorged lakes and rivers overflowed and new ones cut jagged paths, ripping away rich fertile soil.  Low lying areas were drowned under water.  Ocean levels rose up, washing away shores and flooding coastal cities and towns.  The rains brought down lethal doses of sulphuric acids, killing lakes and rivers and what wildlife existed in them. The rains were broken by six years of drought brought on by the high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which furthered global warming.
 The once protective ozone became like an old worn curtain; thin and faded with ever increasing holes.  Ultraviolet radiation bombarded the earth and led to new and severe forms of skin cancer that took the lives of millions of human beings, not to mention plant and animal life. Untreated human sewage contaminated drinking water and  led to a world-wide outbreak of malaria.
 Thus ended the old world.  Governments collapsed, order fled, and chaos ruled.
 In North America, panic took over and the population broke into regional governments, each controlling vital and dwindling resources.                                                 
 Weather became totally unpredictable with stifling heat one day and freezing cold temperatures a week later.  The prairies, once the major supplier of the world's grain, dried up entirely into a wasteland dividing the continent from east to west.  Chemical fertilizers and pesticides were the major contributing factors to the prairie's soil degradation which left the land useless, turning it into a desert.  Fossil fuels became practically extinct. Electricity was produced in only a few isolated spots and was difficult to distribute.
 The air, earth and water seemed to loose their scientific properties.  Fire would still burn, but not as brightly in the contaminated atmosphere where the oxygen content was slowly diminishing. Plant life declined and crops had to be cultivated carefully.  Harvests were not assured.  New blights developed each year with no one there to combat them.  Wildlife died off or became mutated, many species became extinct.  It was as if the earth had suffered enough abuse and decided to rebel.   Trax rose from his bedroll. He looked east to see the sun rise like a huge copper ball that never shone brightly but emanated stifling heat.  Trax looked westward.
 Riscofftison sat up. "West today?" he said, reading Trax's thoughts.
 Trax nodded. "Today we head west."
 Riscofftison did not bother to ask the younger man why west, nor did Trax provide an explanation.  As though directed by some unknown force, they moved on almost instinctually, like the migratory birds of the old world.
 They rode on the outer fringe of the Farm Co-op.  This far south, they were far enough from the central farm agencies and the armed patrols to avoid any encounters.  They did pass smaller farm communes that lined the border region, however. These communes paid their tithes to the agency but were left relatively unsupervised.  They were allowed to govern themselves as long as it did not interfere with the Co-op's quota output.
 Trax had run across these communes once or twice in his work.  They were simple people, concerned only with their fields and crops.  A superstitious bunch but relatively harmless.
 As the buckboard pulled into one such commune, the sun was sliding down in the west and it threw strange, unnatural colours fan-like across the hazy sky.
 The settlement was built around a public square.  Frame houses, shops and tall, spacious barns hemmed it in. Corn cribs and silos stood in neat rows.
 Trax pulled into the square, stopped a passer-by and asked if there was a place they could be put up for the night.
 Strangers were not allowed into homes, the man told them, but they could find a bed of straw in the stable.
 Riscofftison smiled wrily remembering an old fable.
 "Lucky you two just happened by," the farmer told them.  He was dressed plainly in denim coveralls, rubber boots and a straw hat.  His mouth played with a piece of long grass that bobbed up and down and back and forth as he spoke. "You're in for some fun tonight if'n you plan to stay. You're welcome to partake if'n you a mind to."
 "What is it?" Trax asked.
 "You'll see.  You'll see," the farmer said, grinning foolishly then loped off.
 They found the stable, unhitched the horse, cared for it first then saw to their own needs.
 The sun disappeared, allowing the darkness to come out of hiding.  Starlight fought to shine through dust particles that hung perpetually in the air.
 The inhabitants of the commune began to congregate in the square- lanky and dour looking farmers, their women with drawn and haggard faces, children of all ages with dirty faces and no shoes on their feet.
 They were a pathetic looking lot, Trax thought.  Dirt farmers who were tied to the soil they tilled by some strange time-honoured tradition. They even looked like they were born of the dirt, gritty and dry and barely able to support life.  They breathed dirt, it was in their lungs, in their blood. Some even ate the soil to be more part of it.  'The soil is the life' they believed, and they guarded its secrets selfishly.
 Communes such as these would allow strangers to stay a night, or two, but they would be asked to move on.  If they did not they could expect to be run off by a mob armed with pitchforks, clubs or any farm tool that could be hefted.
 Trax and Riscofftison wandered out of the stable and into the square where lit torches blazed hungrily and cast strange and unearthly shadows.  A wooden pole stood in the middle of the square sticking two meters out of the ground.  Children passed the pole and placed pieces of wood at the base of it- a branch, a small stick, bigger tree limbs they could not lift but managed to drag.
Now the square was full and they all stood around as if expecting something exciting. Trax became aware of the anticipation rising in the crowd as they gathered around a raised platform that stood off to the side.  The crowd hushed reverently as a woman ascended the platform.  Trax had to look twice to confirm her gender.
 She was dressed in a wide, dark skirt long enough to cover the tops of her heavy boots. She wore a short grey jacket left unbuttoned over a plain work shirt. A dark brown bonnet sat untied on her head and the hair that lay beneath that bonnet was streaked with silver, as was the small tuft of beard growing out of her chin.  She appeared stern and sober made more so by the numerous lines that crisscrossed her face.  The woman carried herself with a distinction that told Trax that she was the matriarch of the commune.  As such, she made the decisions of what and where to plant the crops, who would marry whom and when, but most importantly, she was the spiritual consciousness of the commune.  A corn cob pipe was clamped between her teeth.  As she spoke, her voice resonated with a deep raspy drawl that commanded everyone's attention.
 "Neighbours, we are gathered here because there is among us a stranger!"
 Riscofftison made a sudden motion, like he was about to bolt.  Only Trax's steel-like grip on his arm kept him from running.
 "A stranger who would destroy us!"
 Riscofftison turned worriedly to Trax who looked on with stone cold indifference.
 "This stranger came amongst us hurt and broken, one step from death's door.  And we took this person into our bosom, tending 'em and making 'em well.  We went against an age old rule and treated 'em like our own.  We did.  We took pity on this person.  And how did this stranger repay us? With treachery, deceit and murder!  The stranger is evil incarnate and will prove our ruination!  A witch!  A devil!  A beast!  Shall we let this evil live to destroy us!?"
 The crowd, clearly incensed over the old woman's words, answered in unison. "No!"
 "We must destroy this evil!" the woman continued. "Or it will destroy us!"
 "Destroy it!  Destroy it!" A woman in the crowd screamed out maniacally.
 The old matriarch clamped the corn cob pipe in her mouth and paused dramatically.  She fixed her gaze on the crowd.  None wished the steely eyes to rest on them for very long.
 "Only after the evil is destroyed will the rains fall again, will the soil become fertile again.
 "When our fields are plagued, how do we cleanse them?"
 The crowd stood dumb and open mouthed to her question.
 "We burn them!" she announced with finality.
 "Burn!  Burn!  Burn!  Burn!" The crowd began to chant.  She allowed them go on for a while then quieted them with a raise of her arms.
 "We burn out the evil!" she said.  "Only that way can we make a clean start.  Scorched earth cleanses all!"
 While the crowd took up the chant anew, the old woman called for the prisoner.
 Burn!  Burn!  Burn!  Burn!  Burn!
 Out of a building two men brought out a young woman, each of them holding an arm. She did not struggle or attempt to escape but still they kept a firm grip upon her.  They walked her up onto the platform for all to see.                                                                                              
  Trax watched carefully.   The young woman was of medium height and dressed in a colourful peasant dress.  Her long dark hair hung wild and loose about her shoulders.   The hair made her look the part, Trax thought.   The girl's clean olive coloured skin, large dark eyes, and full lips bespoke an Hispanic heritage.  Even in the torchlight her natural beauty and grace were evident, but Trax thought nothing of this.  He was instantly drawn to her face and through the distance that separated them their eyes met, claiming recognition.  Trax whirled his head to Riscofftison, who also stared at the girl, a dawning look of kinship plainly evident.   Riscofftison faced Trax with the same look of wonder writ across his face.
 "Here is the witch, the demon!" the old woman cried. "We must purge ourselves of this evil! Fire will wash the soil clean again! And how must we do this?"
 "BURN HER!!" the mob shouted.
 Trax had little experience with frontier farmers but he did know that these people could turn into a mad mob, resolute in any crazy decision they settled on.  There must have been over sixty men, women and children in the square. The odds were too great, even for Trax.  He often pushed his luck beyond reason but he never blatantly defied the odds. Yet...

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